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Mechanic

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Mechanic
A mechanic at a steam pump in an electric power house, 1920
Occupation
Occupation type
Skilled trades
Activity sectors
Repairing
Description
Education required
Apprenticeship
Related jobs
Handyperson
Technician

A mechanic (/mɪˈkænɪk/, /məˈkanɪk/, or /məˈkænɪk/) is a skilled tradesperson who builds, alters, maintains, repairs, or restores machinery, primarily vehicles or devices that are mechanical in nature.[1] Formerly, the term referred to anyone in the various handicraft trades, but as of the early 20th century, it has since referred to the profession of those working with machinery specifically.[2]

Etymology

[edit]

The word mechanic is derived from Middle French mécanique, originating from Latin mechanicus, borrowed from Ancient Greek μηχανικός (mēkhanikós; 'of machines, mechanical'), from μηχανή (mēkhanḗ; 'machine, device') with the suffix -ικός (-ikós; 'relating to').[3]

History

[edit]

The Industrial Revolution of Western Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries saw the widespread development and implementation of machines for the purpose of automating the manufacturing of goods and the production of the first vehicles such as automobiles and trains. Artisans, particularly those involved in metalwork crafts like watchmaking and tool-making, had pre-existing skills that could readily be applied in the creation and maintenance of machinery.[4]

Before the institutionalisation of mechanics, the majority of their knowledge on the topic would be gained ad hoc. To educate artisans on their fields' underlying sciences, many mechanics' institutes were created during the Industrial Revolution and continued to be opened long after, especially during the interwar period.[5][6] In the Victorian era, mechanics' institutes were set up in many countries to help improve adult education but with a particular focus on industry, mechanics, and knowledge for the adult working class.[7]

Africa

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Tanzania

[edit]

In Tanzania, automobiles were introduced during German and later British colonial rule. European-style cars had great difficulty traversing Tanzania due to the East African climate and unpaved roads, which they were not built for. As a result, informal garages called gereji bubu (lit. 'muted garages') were formed by Tanzanian mechanics so that they could work independently. Because of these factors, Tanzania has become a hub for mechanics and automobiles.[8]

Europe

[edit]

France

[edit]

In France, formal technical training for mechanics and other industrial trades developed during the nineteenth century, notably through the Écoles d'arts et métiers, established at Compiègne in 1803. A significant development in vocational certification occurred in 1911 with the introduction of the Certificat de capacité professionnelle (CCP), initially intended for mechanic apprentices. In 1919, this became the Certificat d'aptitude professionnelle (CAP), with eligibility extended to students attending technical schools.[9]

Germany

[edit]

In Germany, the training of mechanics and other skilled tradespeople traditionally followed the guild apprenticeship system, with workers progressing from apprentice to journeyman and eventually master craftsman. The Imperial Trade Regulation reforms of 1897 established a more formal framework for supervising apprenticeships and conducting examinations, and further legislation in 1908 restricted the training of mechanics and other trades to appropriately qualified master craftsmen, helping establish the foundations of what later evolved into Germany's modern dual vocational training system.[10]

Today, this dual education system (duales Ausbildungssystem) combines practical, on-the-job training at a company with theoretical instruction at a public vocational school (Berufsschule).[11] Occupations involving mechanical work – such as industrial mechanics (Industriemechaniker) and automotive mechatronics technicians (Kraftfahrzeugmechatroniker) – typically follow a standardised 3.5-year apprenticeship program governed by the Vocational Training Act (Berufsbildungsgesetz, BBiG).[12][13] Training standards are regulated nationally and overseen by competent regional bodies such as Chambers of Industry and Commerce (Industrie- und Handelskammer, IHK) or Chambers of Crafts (Handwerkskammer, HWK), ensuring uniform qualifications that are widely recognised across Europe.[14]

United Kingdom

[edit]

During the Industrial Revolution, mechanics' institutes, Victorian-era forerunners to trade schools, exploded in number. One of these institutes was the London Mechanics' Institute, founded by George Birkbeck in 1823. Birkbeck is credited with the systematic establishment of the mechanics' institute that year, as the decade experienced a "rapid period of growth in the number and popularity of mechanics' institutes."[15] Technical examinations began to emerge through mechanics' institutes during the first half of the nineteenth century, with the Society of Arts introducing a more coordinated examination system in 1856.[16] The establishment of the City and Guilds Foundation in London in 1878 marked a significant development in nationally recognised technical vocational qualifications for mechanics, supplementing traditional apprenticeship training.[16]

North America

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United States

[edit]
An auto mechanics course at the Mechanics Institute in Rochester, New York, 1917

During the early 19th century, the term mechanic referred broadly to skilled artisans working in trades such as metalworking and carpentry, through whom mechanical knowledge was transmitted. The establishment of institutions such as the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, founded in 1824, provided additional opportunities for technical education.[17] Between 1818 and 1850, approximately 100 mechanics' institutes and libraries were established in the United States. These organisations provided technical instruction and resources. Their educational programs sought to improve skills and provide opportunities for job advancement, as skilled mechanics increasingly needed knowledge of mathematics and scientific principles, particularly when seeking supervisory or managerial positions.[18] Mechanics participated in the development of organised labour. In 1827, journeymen in Philadelphia established the Mechanics' Union of Trade Associations, which brought workers together from several skilled trades to advocate for improved wages and working conditions. The organisation reflected the broad occupational meaning of mechanic during this period.[19]

Industrialisation changed the nature of mechanical work during the 19th century. As factory production expanded, machinery increasingly replaced tasks previously performed by skilled artisans, while creating demand for workers familiar with industrial equipment. This contributed to a distinction between factory operatives, who performed production tasks using machinery, and mechanics, whose work required specialised technical knowledge. The term mechanic nevertheless continued to encompass these occupations.[20] In the early 20th century, electrification and the introduction of specialised machinery enabled greater efficiency in mechanical work. Manufacturers increasingly divided production into specialised tasks, some of which required less training than traditional craft work. Although mechanisation reduced demand for certain skilled operations, technical activities such as machine repair or inspection remained difficult to automate.[21]

Railroad expansion during the second half of the 19th century created demand for workers specialising in locomotives and railway equipment. Railroad companies employed machinists and skilled mechanics in repair shops, while locomotive engineers operated trains. As railroad equipment standardised, companies increasingly employed non-specialist helpers alongside skilled machinists. These changes reduced the importance of some craft skills in railroad shops, although locomotive engineers retained greater control. Railroad mechanics responded to changing working conditions through trade unions and other labour organisations.[22]

The expansion of the automotive industry during the early 20th century increased demand for mechanics specialising in vehicle maintenance and repair. This trade initially lacked a formal apprenticeship system, and many mechanics acquired their skills through practical experience. Vocational schools, private organisations, and the military subsequently developed training programs, although their quality varied.[23] Beginning in 1913, the Ford Motor Company sought to standardise the sector through prescribed procedures, tools, and repair times. However, the varied nature of mechanical problems limited efforts to apply factory production methods, which continued to require skilled diagnosis and judgment.[24]

Oceania

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Australia

[edit]

The 2001 television series Bush Mechanics follows bush mechanics in the Outback.[25]

Duties and specialities

[edit]

A mechanic is trained to maintain machinery, which may include interpreting and applying technical documentation, installing said machinery, repairing or replacing components including consumables such as oils and filters, testing and diagnosing defects or issues, and certifying the machinery to be in working order and fit for use.[26]

Most mechanics specialise in a particular field, such as auto body mechanics, diesel mechanics, HVAC and refrigeration mechanics, auto mechanics, bicycle mechanics, boiler mechanics, race car mechanics, aircraft mechanics, power sports mechanics, and other areas. There are also mobile mechanics who perform on-site work.[27] Mechanics also carry out preventive maintenance in order to reduce the likelihood of equipment failure and to maximise the life of the machinery. This involves carrying out scheduled inspections, checking components for wear, spotting any potential faults, and keeping a record of all the work carried out, including the repairs, the results of the diagnostics, and the parts that have been replaced.[28][29]

Beginning in the early twentieth century, the process of becoming a mechanic was formalised, and standard courses of education and training were introduced.[6]: 262  Formal certification of a mechanic's skill is required in many jurisdictions including their area of speciality before they are permitted to carry out work. For example, an automotive mechanic in Western Australia must hold a "motor vehicle repairer's certificate" (or work under the supervision of a mechanic with that certification) to offer those services to the public.[30][31]

Training and qualifications

[edit]

Education and training requirements for mechanics vary by occupation and jurisdiction. In the United States, automotive service technicians and mechanics may complete vocational education programs offered by secondary schools, community colleges, and technical institutes. These programs combine classroom instruction with practical training and may lead to a certificate or associate degree. Some programs are sponsored by automobile manufacturers or dealerships and focus on particular vehicles or systems.[29]

Automotive mechanics may also enter the occupation without formal vocational education, acquiring skills through on-the-job training under experienced technicians. Apprenticeships provide another route into the occupation, combining paid employment with technical instruction.[29] Employers may require or prefer professional certifications in specialised areas of automotive repair, such as transmissions, braking systems, and electrical systems. Certain activities are subject to additional regulatory requirements, including federal certification for technicians who handle refrigerants in motor vehicle air-conditioning systems.[29]

In the United States, aircraft mechanics may qualify for certification from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) by completing a program at an ce Technician School or by obtaining qualifying practical experience through on-the-job training. Such experience may be acquired through civilian employment or military service and must be documented. Applicants pursuing certification through practical experience must demonstrate at least 18 months of experience for an airframe or powerplant rating, or 30 months for both ratings. Candidates must also pass the applicable written, oral, and practical examinations.[32]

Types

[edit]

Aircraft

[edit]
Two mechanics servicing a rotary aircraft engine in 1918[33]

Aircraft mechanics (also known as aviation mechanics) specialise in repairing and maintaining aircraft, including planes and helicopters. They work on engines, landing gear, avionics, and other mechanical and electrical systems.[34] Typically, the profession is managed by a national regulator, such as the FAA, EASA, and Transport Canada. Obtaining a license requires passing exams on the related laws and aircraft systems, apprenticeship hours,[35] and, in some countries, the completion of specific maintenance tasks signed off by a licensed mechanic.[36] Only appropriately maintained aircraft are deemed airworthy and legal for operation.

Aircraft licenses may also have a sub-category or specialisation, such as Canada's AME-M, AME-S and AME-E licenses covering general maintenance, structures and avionics respectively.[37]

Aircraft are unique from most other vehicles by the number of inspections they require at specified calendar hours or flight hours. Line maintenance refers to the inspections and tasks handled between flights at an airport, including minor issues reported by the pilot or other flight crew. Base or heavy maintenance refers to intensive inspections and overhauls handled at specialised hangars and involves many more mechanics and technicians.[38] Inspections are outlined by the manufacturer in a Maintenance Planning Document, and tasks are outlined in the Aircraft Maintenance Manual.[39] Often, a critical safety issue will require an Airworthiness Directive, similar to a recall in automotive vehicles, which requires all aircraft operators to complete the required maintenance tasks to keep the aircraft airworthy. The most notable example is AD 2020-25844[40] following the grounding of the Boeing 737 MAX.

Automotive

[edit]
A U.S. Air Force Squadron vehicle maintainer putting a tyre back on a truck
Swedish mechanics working on a 1936 Chevrolet Master, 1947

Automotive mechanics, also called auto mechanics, repair and maintain cars, trucks, and motorcycles. They inspect vehicles for damage and wear, test components with computerised diagnostic equipment, replace worn or defective parts, and perform routine service such as oil changes and brake work. Much of the job now involves electronics and computer controls as well as mechanical systems.[41]

In the United States, automotive service technicians and mechanics held about 704,640 jobs as of May 2025. Automobile dealers employed roughly 32 percent of them, automotive repair and maintenance shops about 25 percent, and self-employed workers about 15 percent.[29]

Automotive mechanics usually have an apprenticeship under a master mechanic for a specified amount of time before working on their own. This can take place in both a formal and informal manner.[42]In wealthier countries (like France and the United States), a mechanic earns approximately US$35,000–50,000 annually.[43][29] However, in developing countries (like India), a mechanic earns approximately US$3,000 annually.[44]

In the United States, employment in the occupation is projected to grow 5% from 2025 to 2035, faster than the average for all occupations.[29]

Bicycle

[edit]

Bicycle mechanics specialise in repairing and maintaining bicycles. They work on frames, wheels, brakes, gears, and other mechanical or electronic components.[45] In Europe, there is currently a deficit of bicycle mechanics, with an estimated 45,000 new mechanics needed to meet current demand.[46] Major brands such as the SRAM Corporation and Shimano offer training programmes for their products.[47][48]

Diesel

[edit]

Diesel mechanics specialise in the repair, maintenance, and inspection of diesel-powered trucks, such as tractor units, box trucks, dump trucks, and garbage trucks. They also work on vehicles such as buses.[49][50] In the United States, about 316,000 people were employed as truck mechanics as of 2025.[50]

Heavy equipment

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A heavy equipment mechanic in Cameroon maintaining a loader

Heavy equipment mechanics specialise in repairing and maintaining heavy equipment such as bulldozers, excavators, and cranes.[51]

Industrial

[edit]

Industrial mechanics (also known as maintenance mechanics) work in industrial settings such as factories and manufacturing plants, sometimes being referred to as millwrights.[52] These mechanics are responsible for the maintenance and repair of equipment such as machine tools, pumps, generators, and other heavy equipment.[52][53] These responsibilities include identifying mechanical problems, repairing or replacing damaged components, and adjusting equipment to maintain proper operation. They may also perform routine maintenance, such as cleaning and lubricating machinery, and use technical manuals and diagnostic equipment to locate faults. Some industrial mechanics use computerised diagnostic systems and vibration analysis to identify problems with machinery.[52]

Marine

[edit]

Marine mechanics specialise in repairing and maintaining boats and other watercraft. They work on engines, transmissions, propellers, steering systems, and other mechanical components of boats.[54] In Britain, the ship repair and maintenance industry reached its peak in the 1940s, when over 20,000 men and women were employed for such work in Merseyside. Specialities included fitters in the engine room, boilermakers, blacksmiths, plumbers, riveters, burners, welders, and more.[55]

Motorsport

[edit]
A pit crew performing various tasks during a pit stop, 2012

Motorsport teams employ specialised automotive mechanics to work on race cars. Each team is assigned a pit box with a dedicated pit crew, the number of which will differ depending on the series of race, with Formula One having the highest number of mechanics in a pit crew at twenty people per crew. As the maintenance performed by a pit crew is done during the race itself, the mechanics involved are specially trained for speed to ensure as little time is lost with each pit stop. To ensure the rapid work is carried out quickly and precisely, each mechanic in the crew will often have a single specialised task. One mechanic may be solely responsible for the removal and reinstallation of only the back left tyre, with three other mechanics each assigned to their own respective wheels. In Formula One, regularly scheduled pit stops for the changing of tyres can take as little as 3 seconds.[56]

Occupational hazards

[edit]
An aircraft mechanic wearing earplugs and safety glasses

Mechanics face a variety of occupational hazards. Mechanics are frequently exposed to elevated sound levels; in an analysis of 1999–2004 NHANES data, vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers employed in manufacturing had an 82% prevalence of hazardous workplace noise exposure, the highest among occupations in that sector.[57]

Mechanics are also frequently exposed to harmful chemicals. Exposure to engine oils causes automotive mechanics to experience contact dermatitis over twice as frequently as office workers.[58] Automotive mechanics are exposed to elevated levels of volatile organic compounds released by processes such as applying brake cleaner and painting.[59] These chemicals have been found to increase the prevalence of respiratory health conditions and impair lung function in workers exposed to them.[60] They are also at risk of carbon monoxide poisoning, with a study by the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health reporting 34 fatalities caused by carbon monoxide in vehicle exhaust from 1992–2008.[61] Aircraft mechanics are exposed to jet fuel, which epidemiological research indicates may increase the risk of developing cancer or neurological, respiratory, and cognitive symptoms.[62]

Poor ergonomics also contributes to workplace injuries. Mechanics can experience repetitive strain injuries and pain caused by straining to lift heavy objects or maintain an awkward posture to reach inside machinery.[63] Vibrations produced by power tools put mechanics at risk of nerve damage, which can lead to Raynaud syndrome, neurosensory injury, and carpal tunnel syndrome.[64][65] Musculoskeletal disorders associated with mechanic work are most prevalent in the lower back, shoulders, and wrists.[66]

Relationship with engineers

[edit]

Disputes with the engineers of anything mechanical can appear, especially when it comes to the mechanic having to work on a product which is more difficult than necessary to fix – a result of overengineering. That is why the solution is to bring mechanics into design meetings to remedy any issues with serviceability.[citation needed]

Despite any collaboration in the office, a strict boundary exists in the shop. If an engineer were to help construct something they designed themselves, they couldn't, as not only is it not a requisite, it is also forbidden by unions such as the UAW.[67] Therefore, the engineer's focus is more abstract: they seek technological solutions through designing products, where they manage a range of complex factors, targeting specific optimisations like efficiency, rather than focusing on practical tasks, such as the maintenance typical of a mechanic.

The theory of creation is not the same as the theory of repair. Where the engineer's theory of creation focuses on efficiency and production, it is less concerned with the foresight of failure. It is inevitable that all things break and fail, so it is up to the engineer to keep this in mind, and for the mechanic to pay attention to it. The theory of repair for the mechanic is simply the act of maintenance, while they may become increasingly frustrated when the design was done poorly.[67]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1980 Census of Population: Classified Index of Industries and Occupations. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1982. p. O-68. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  2. ↑ "Mechanic – Etymology, Origin & Meaning". etymonline. Archived from the original on 18 November 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  3. ↑ "mechanic". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871.
  4. ↑ Kelly, Mokyr & Ó Gráda (2022).
  5. ↑ Kelly (1952).
  6. 1 2 Pearson, Michael P. R. (2024). "Grease monkeys: A history of Australia's motor mechanic trade, 1900–1970". Asia-Pacific Economic History Review. 64 (2). Wiley-Blackwell: 260–266. doi:10.1111/aehr.12293. ISSN 2832-157X.
  7. ↑ Walker, Martyn (2016). The Development of the Mechanics' Institute Movement in Britain and Beyond: Supporting further education for the adult working classes. Milton: Taylor and Francis. p. 1-12. ISBN 978-1-317-41092-8.
  8. ↑ Grace (2021).
  9. ↑ Brucy, Guy (1998). Histoire des diplômes de l'enseignement technique et professionel (1880–1965): l'état, l'école, les entreprises et la certification des compétences (in French). Paris: Belin. p. 61-68. ISBN 978-2-7011-2340-0.
  10. ↑ Greinert, Wolf-Dietrich; European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (2005). Mass vocational education and training in Europe: classical models of the 19th century and training in England, France and Germany during the first half of the 20th. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. ISBN 978-92-896-0417-8.
  11. ↑ "The dual system". Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB). Retrieved 27 October 2026.
  12. ↑ "Vocational Training in Germany – Definition, Types & HR Tips". Aivy / Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Retrieved 27 October 2026.
  13. ↑ "50 years of the Vocational Training Act". iMOVE Germany. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2026.
  14. ↑ "The German Vocational Training System". Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Retrieved 27 October 2026.
  15. ↑ "A Brief History of the Mechanics' Institutes | Birkbeck Perspectives". perspectives.blogs.bbk.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 31 July 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  16. 1 2 Government, markets, and vocational qualifications: an anatomy of policy. London: Falmer Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-7507-0916-3.
  17. ↑ Ferguson (1962), pp. 7–9.
  18. ↑ Stevens (1995), pp. 105–111, 129–131.
  19. ↑ Arky, Louis H. (1952). "The Mechanics' Union of Trade Associations and the Formation of the Philadelphia Workingmen's Movement". The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. 76 (2): 142–144, 153–156.
  20. ↑ Katz, Lawrence F.; Margo, Robert A. (2014). "Technical Change and the Relative Demand for Skilled Labor: The United States in Historical Perspective". In Boustan, Leah Platt; Frydman, Carola; Margo, Robert A. (eds.). Human Capital in History: The American Record. University of Chicago Press. pp. 16–18, 21–27, 31–32. ISBN 9780226163895.
  21. ↑ Gray, Rowena (2011). Taking Technology to Task: The Skill Content of Technological Change in Early Twentieth Century United States (Report). EHES Working Papers in Economic History. European Historical Economics Society. pp. 4–6, 15–17. hdl:10419/246940.
  22. ↑ Stromquist (1983).
  23. ↑ Borg (2007), p. 54.
  24. ↑ McIntyre, Stephen L. (2000). "The Failure of Fordism: Reform of the Automobile Repair Industry, 1913–1940". Technology and Culture. 41 (2): 274–275, 278–283, 296–298. doi:10.1353/tech.2000.0075.
  25. ↑ "Bush Mechanics: The white guy who's one of the mob". ABC News. 3 July 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2026.
  26. ↑ International Standard Classification of Occupations: ISCO–08 (PDF). Vol. 1. Geneva: International Labour Organization. 2012. pp. 289–291. ISBN 978-92-2-125953-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  27. ↑ Henderson, C.J.; Dolphin, J.; Fehl, P.; Davenport, R. (2010). Career Opportunities in the Armed Forces. Career Opportunities Series. Facts On File, Incorporated. p. 230. ISBN 978-1-4381-1062-2. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  28. ↑ "General Maintenance and Repair Workers". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Archived from the original on 3 September 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics". Occupational Outlook Handbook. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 14 September 2026. Archived from the original on 13 October 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  30. ↑ "Motor vehicle repairer certificate". www.wa.gov.au. 1 May 2026. Archived from the original on 16 May 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  31. ↑ Motor Vehicle Repairers Act 2003 (WA) s 39
  32. ↑ "Experience Requirements to Become an Aircraft Mechanic". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. 16 July 2026. Archived from the original on 2 September 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  33. ↑ "The Women's Royal Air Force 1914 – 1918". Imperial War Museums. 1918. Q 72639. Archived from the original on 10 June 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026. Air mechanics of the Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF) servicing a rotary aircraft engine.
  34. ↑ "Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook – General" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
  35. ↑ "Become an Aviation Mechanic". 16 April 2026. Archived from the original on 11 October 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  36. ↑ Canada, Transport (22 May 2018). "Small and large aircraft maintenance training standard". AART. AART. Archived from the original on 22 April 2026. Retrieved 27 October 2026.
  37. ↑ "Obtaining an aircraft maintenance engineer (AME) licence". AART 11696468. AART. 10 December 2025. Archived from the original on 27 September 2026. Retrieved 27 October 2026.
  38. ↑ Watson, Georgia (16 October 2025). "Aircraft Line Maintenance vs Base Maintenance: Understanding the Difference". Bostonair Group Ltd. Archived from the original on 7 June 2026. Retrieved 27 October 2026.
  39. ↑ "Boeing Toolbox". 27 October 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ↑ "Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes". Federal Register. 20 November 2020. Archived from the original on 4 February 2025. Retrieved 27 October 2026.
  41. ↑ "49-3023.00 – Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics". O*NET OnLine. U.S. Department of Labor. Archived from the original on 13 October 2026. Retrieved 25 October 2026.
  42. ↑ Gilles (2004), pp. 16–23.
  43. ↑ "Mechanic Salary in France (2026)". Salary Expert. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  44. ↑ "Automotive Service Technician / Mechanic Salary in India in 2026". PayScale.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2025. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  45. ↑ "About Us". Professional Bicycle Mechanics Association (PBMA).[dead link]
  46. ↑ Koles, Istvan (20 October 2026). "ECI Webinar: Europe needs 105,000 more bike mechanics by 2032. How will we get there? – European Cycling Industries (ECI)". CIE. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  47. ↑ Sutton, Mark (3 February 2022). "Shimano T.E.C. courses adopted by UCI mechanics programme". Cycling Industry News. Archived from the original on 17 February 2025. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  48. ↑ "SRAM takes its Technical University on the road with STU2U". Bicycle Retailer and Industry News. 2 February 2017. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  49. ↑ "Diesel Service Technicians and Mechanics". Occupational Outlook Handbook. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Archived from the original on 12 October 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  50. 1 2 "Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists". O*NET OnLine. U.S. Department of Labor. Archived from the original on 13 October 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  51. ↑ "49-3042.00 – Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines". O*NET OnLine. U.S. Department of Labor. Archived from the original on 13 October 2026. Retrieved 25 October 2026.
  52. 1 2 3 "Industrial Machinery Mechanics, Machinery Maintenance Workers, and Millwrights". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 October 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  53. ↑ "What is an industrial mechanic? (With in-depth guide)". Indeed Career Guide. 26 November 2025. Archived from the original on 19 September 2025. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  54. ↑ "Occupational Outlook Handbook: Water Transportation Workers". Bureau of Labor Statistics.
  55. ↑ Moore (1988), pp. 3–7.
  56. ↑ Youson, Matt (2 March 2025). "How do F1 teams service their cars in less than two seconds?". www.formula1.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2026. Retrieved 26 October 2026.
  57. ↑ Tak, SangWoo; Davis, Rickie R.; Calvert, Geoffrey M. (May 2009). "Exposure to hazardous workplace noise and use of hearing protection devices among US workers—NHANES, 1999–2004". American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 52 (5): 358–371. Bibcode:2009AJIM...52..358T. doi:10.1002/ajim.20690. ISSN 0271-3586. PMID 19267354.
  58. ↑ Sakhvidi, Mohammad Javad Zare; Loukzadeh, Ziba; Tezerjani, Hamid Dehghan (2019). "Occupational hand dermatitis in car repair workers". AIMS Public Health. 6 (4): 577–586. doi:10.3934/publichealth.2019.4.577. ISSN 2327-8994. PMC 6940577. PMID 31909077.
  59. ↑ Lothrop, Nathan; Gutenkunst, Shannon; Fimbres, Jocelyn; Quijada, Carolina; Chaires, Marvin; Cortez, Imelda; Sandoval, Flor; Camargo, Fernanda J.; Ramírez, Denise Moreno; Gallardo, Emma V.; Torabzadeh, Elmira; Wagoner, Rietta; Lopez-Galvez, Nicolas; Ingram, Maia; Carvajal, Scott (1 July 2025). "Characterizing full-shift worker exposures to VOCs in small-sized auto repair shops in the Tucson, Arizona, USA metropolitan area". Scientific Reports. 15 (1). Nature Publishing Group: 20382. Bibcode:2025NatSR..1520382L. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-08546-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 12219875. PMID 40595322.
  60. ↑ Ahmad, Ijaz; Balkhyour, Mansour A. (1 March 2020). "Occupational exposure and respiratory health of workers at small scale industries". Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 27 (3): 985–990. Bibcode:2020SJBS...27..985A. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.019. ISSN 1319-562X. PMC 7051098. PMID 32140043.
  61. ↑ Henn, Scott A.; Bell, Jennifer L.; Sussell, Aaron L.; Konda, Srinivas (2011–2013). "Occupational carbon monoxide fatalities in the US from unintentional non-fire related exposures, 1992–2008". American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 56 (11): 1280–1289. doi:10.1002/ajim.22226. ISSN 0271-3586. PMC 4552320. PMID 23868822.
  62. ↑ D. Vincent-Hall, Terra; G. Bergeron, Justin; E. Eftim, Sorina; J. Lindahl, Alexander; R. Weinberger, Kate; E. Haver, Cary; J. Snow, Samantha (February 2025). "Health effects of occupational exposure to jet fuels used in the military: A systematic review of the epidemiologic literature". Environment International. 196 109278. Bibcode:2025EnInt.19609278D. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109278. PMID 39862722. Archived from the original on 22 May 2026. Retrieved 27 October 2026.
  63. ↑ Tamene, Aiggan; Mulugeta, Hailemichael; Ashenafi, Tesfaye; Thygerson, Steven M. (7 May 2020). "Musculoskeletal Disorders and Associated Factors among Vehicle Repair Workers in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia". Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2020: 1–11. doi:10.1155/2020/9472357. ISSN 1687-9805. PMC 7229541. PMID 32454844.
  64. ↑ Nilsson, Tohr; Wahlström, Jens; Burström, Lage (13 July 2017). "Hand-arm vibration and the risk of vascular and neurological diseases—A systematic review and meta-analysis". PLOS ONE. 12 (7) e0180795. Public Library of Science. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1280795N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180795. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5509149. PMID 28704466.
  65. ↑ Moore (1988), p. 75.
  66. ↑ Basager, Ahmed; Alrabghi, Abdullah (30 January 2026). "Ergonomic Risk Profiles of Auto Body Specialists: Evidence from Saudi Arabia with Global Lessons for Labor-Intensive Industries". Safety. 12 (1): 16. doi:10.3390/safety12010016. ISSN 2313-576X.
  67. 1 2 Tracy, David (30 May 2017). "Engineers Are Not Mechanics". Jalopnik. Archived from the original on 14 May 2026. Retrieved 27 October 2026.

Sources

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