Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October

Selected anniversaries / On this day archive

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October 1: National Day in China (1949); Independence Day in Tuvalu (1978); Defenders Day in Ukraine (2015)

Flag of Tuvalu

1891 – Stanford University, founded by railroad magnate and politician Leland Stanford and his wife Jane in Palo Alto, California, admitted its first students.
1906 – A deputation of Muslim leaders led by the Aga Khan III met Indian viceroy Lord Minto to secure greater political representation, eventually leading to the founding of the All-India Muslim League.
1946 – Mensa, the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world, was formed in the United Kingdom.
1978 – Tuvalu adopted its national flag (pictured) on the day that the country gained its independence.
2022 – One hundred and thirty-five were killed in a human crush following a football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium in East Java, Indonesia. .

Severus Alexander (b. 208)
Yaqub Spata (d. 1416)
Nasir al-Wuhayshi (b. 1976)
Jane Goodall (d. 2025)

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October 2: International Day of Non-Violence; Gandhi Jayanti in India

Shubert Theatre

1766 – As part of wider food riots, citizens in Nottingham, England, looted large quantities of cheese; one man was killed during attempts to restore order.
1879 – Qing China signed the Treaty of Livadia with the Russian Empire, but the terms were so unfavorable that the Chinese government refused to ratify the treaty.
1913 – The Shubert Theatre (pictured) opened on Broadway with a production of Hamlet.
1971 – Nguyễn Văn Thiệu was re-elected unopposed as President of South Vietnam.
2006 – A gunman killed five Amish girls before committing suicide in a one-room schoolhouse in Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania.

Augustus Keppel (d. 1786)
Michael Bambang Hartono (b. 1939)
Sting (b. 1951)
Sacheen Littlefeather (d. 2022)

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October 3: Shemini Atzeret (Judaism, 2026)

Siegfried & Roy with a white lion

1792 – Spanish forces departed Valdivia to suppress the indigenous Huilliche uprising in southern Chile.
1953 – Vancouver's Holy Rosary Cathedral was dedicated by Archbishop William Mark Duke, fifty-three years after it first opened.
1963 – Oswaldo López Arellano replaced Honduran president Ramón Villeda Morales in a violent coup, initiating two decades of military rule.
1992 – Sinéad O'Connor tore up a photograph of Pope John Paul II on live television.
2003 – Roy Horn of the American entertainment duo Siegfried & Roy (both pictured) was mauled by a tiger during a performance at the Mirage on the Las Vegas Strip.

Gabriel Lalemant (b. 1610)
Caroline Brady (b. 1905)
Carl Nielsen (d. 1931)
Sean Duffy (b. 1971)

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October 4: Cinnamon Roll Day in Sweden and Finland

Engraving of the Siege of Smolensk

1448 – Skanderbeg and Gjergj Arianiti signed a peace treaty to end the Albanian–Venetian War.
1633 – Smolensk War: Forces from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth broke the Russian siege of Smolensk (depicted).
1862 – American Civil War: After a naval battle in Galveston Harbor, Texas, Confederate commanders negotiated the surrender of the city to Union forces.
1925 – Great Syrian Revolt: Rebels led by Fawzi al-Qawuqji captured the city of Hama from the French Mandate of Syria.
1927 – Gutzon Borglum and approximately 400 workers began sculpting Mount Rushmore.

George Formby Sr (b. 1875)
Mary Two-Axe Earley (b. 1911)
Christoph Waltz (b. 1956)
Pyotr Masherov (d. 1980)

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October 5: Child Health Day in the United States (2026); World Teachers' Day

Samuel Griffith

1838 – A Cherokee band attacked settlers near Larissa, Texas, killing or abducting 18 people.
1903 – Samuel Griffith (pictured) became the first Chief Justice of Australia, while Edmund Barton and Richard O'Connor became the first Puisne Justices of the High Court of Australia.
1937 – Six days after retiring from the Queen's College, Oxford, Robert Howard Hodgkin was elected its provost due to the sudden death of B. H. Streeter.
1962 – Dr. No, the first James Bond film, was released.
2014 – Formula One racing driver Jules Bianchi crashed at the Japanese Grand Prix, sustaining fatal head injuries that would kill him the following year.

Jacques Offenbach (d. 1880)
Eduardo Duhalde (b. 1941)
Kate Winslet (b. 1975)
Pin Malakul (d. 1995)

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October 6: German-American Day in the United States

Egyptian forces raising the Egyptian flag in a captured Israeli position in the Sinai

1762 – Seven Years' War: The Battle of Manila concluded with a British victory over Spain, leading to an eighteen-month occupation.
1777 – American Revolutionary War: Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery were captured by British forces under Sir Henry Clinton, dismantling the Hudson River Chains.
1973 – The Egyptian Armed Forces crossed the Suez Canal (pictured) to attack occupying Israel Defense Forces at the Bar Lev Line in the Sinai Peninsula, beginning the Yom Kippur War.
1995 – Astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz reported the discovery of a planet orbiting 51 Pegasi as the first known exoplanet around a main-sequence star.
2000 – Denouncing corruption in Argentine president Fernando de la Rúa's administration and the Senate, Vice President Carlos Álvarez resigned.

Sarah Crosby (b. 1729)
Wang Huning (b. 1955)
Hattie Jacques (d. 1980)
Johan Neeskens (d. 2024)

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October 7

In Memory of Theo Faiss

1513 – War of the League of Cambrai: A Venetian army under Bartolomeo d'Alviano was decisively defeated by the Spanish army commanded by Ramón de Cardona and Fernando d'Ávalos.
1780 – American Revolutionary War: Patriots and Loyalist militias engaged each other at the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina.
1914 – Seven-year-old Theo Faiss, later memorialized in speeches by Rudolf Steiner and a sculpture (pictured) by Edith Maryon, was killed by an overturned wagon in Switzerland.
1985 – About 130 people died as a result of severe floods in Puerto Rico.
2023 – In the October 7 attacks, Hamas and other Palestinian militant groups killed nearly 1,200 people in southern Israel and took 251 hostages, starting the Gaza war.

Marie Lloyd (d. 1922)
Bernardo Arévalo (b. 1958)
María Corina Machado (b. 1967)
Austin Eubanks (b. 1981)

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October 8

Wreckage from the Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash

1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Perryville was fought west of Perryville, Kentucky.
1952 – Three trains collided (aftermath pictured) at Harrow & Wealdstone station in London, killing 112 people and injuring 340 others.
1969 – Demonstrations organized by the Weather Underground known as the Days of Rage began in Chicago, aimed at ending U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
1995 – The Croatian Army and Croatian Defence Council launched Operation Southern Move, their last offensive in the Bosnian War.
2019 – Anti-government protests calling for free and fair elections began in Baku, Azerbaijan.

Mark Oliphant (b. 1901)
Sadiq Khan (b. 1970)
Zheng Qinwen (b. 2002)
Pannir Selvam Pranthaman (d. 2025)

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October 9: Leif Erikson Day in the United States and parts of Canada, Independence Day in Uganda (1962), Hangul Day in South Korea (1446)

Mortimer War Memorial

1708 – Great Northern War: Russia defeated Sweden at the Battle of Lesnaya on the Russian–Polish border, in present-day Belarus.
1740 – European soldiers and Javanese collaborators started massacring Chinese Indonesians in the port city of Batavia, modern-day Jakarta: at least 10,000 people were killed.
1793 – French Revolution: After a month-long siege, the leaders of Lyon surrendered, ending their revolt against the National Convention.
1921 – The Mortimer War Memorial (pictured), designed by Herbert Maryon in memory of local servicemen who died in the First World War, was dedicated.
1952 – A footman shot and killed two colleagues and wounded the lady of the house at Knowsley Hall, England.

Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (d. 705)
Nadezhda Stasova (d. 1895)
Yuri Tsunematsu (b. 1998)
Paul Hunter (d. 2006)

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October 10

Battle of Karbala

680 – Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of Muhammad, was killed at the Battle of Karbala (depicted) by the forces of Yazid I, whom Husayn had refused to recognize as caliph.
1760 – In a treaty with Dutch colonial authorities, the Ndyuka people of Suriname gained territorial autonomy.
1911 – The Xinhai Revolution began with the Wuchang Uprising, marking the beginning of the collapse of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China.
1943 – World War II: The Kempeitai, the military police arm of the Imperial Japanese Army, arrested and tortured fifty-seven civilians and civilian internees on suspicion of their involvement in a raid on Singapore Harbour.
2004 – Eight-year-old Huang Na was abducted and murdered; her body was found three weeks later after a search across Singapore and Malaysia.

Antoine Coysevox (d. 1720)
Harold Pinter (b. 1930)
Nicholas Tartaglione (b. 1967)
Priaulx Rainier (d. 1986)

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October 11: Feast day of Saint James the Deacon (Anglicanism); National Coming Out Day

Kathryn Sullivan

1311 – The peerage and clergy of the Kingdom of England published the Ordinances of 1311 to restrict King Edward II's powers.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: A British fleet defeated American ships at the Battle of Valcour Island on Lake Champlain, but gave American forces enough time to prepare their defenses for the Saratoga campaign.
1890 – In Washington, D.C., the Daughters of the American Revolution was founded.
1984 – Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan (pictured) became the first American woman to perform a space walk.
1987 – An estimated 750,000 people attended the "Great March" in Washington, D.C., to demand greater civil rights for the LGBT community.

Huldrych Zwingli (d. 1531)
Jean Alexander (b. 1926)
Shin Tae-yong (b. 1970)
Angela Lansbury (d. 2022)

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October 12: Thanksgiving in Canada (2026); Columbus Day and Indigenous Peoples' Day in the United States (2026)

The Space Building after its collapse

1406 – Chen Yanxiang, the only person from Indonesia known to have visited dynastic Korea, reached Seoul four months after leaving Java.
1798 – The Peasants' War began in Overmere, Southern Netherlands, with peasants taking up arms against the French occupiers.
1979 – Typhoon Tip, the largest and most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded, reached a worldwide record-low sea-level pressure of 870 mbar (25.69 inHg) in the western Pacific Ocean.
2013 – Twelve people were killed in an apartment-building collapse (pictured) in Medellín, leading to new construction laws being passed in Colombia.

Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth (d. 1758)
Sohei Kamiya (b. 1977)
Josh Hutcherson (b. 1992)
Alex Salmond (d. 2024)

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October 13

Brigid Kosgei

1710 – Queen Anne's War: French and Wabanaki forces surrendered to end the Siege of Port Royal, giving the British permanent possession of Nova Scotia.
1812 – War of 1812: British troops and Mohawk warriors repelled an American invasion from across the Niagara River at the Battle of Queenston Heights near Queenston, Ontario.
1908 – British suffragette Margaret Travers Symons became the first woman to speak in the House of Commons when she escaped from her escort into the chamber and shouted at the assembly.
1994 – The Troubles: In a meeting at Fernhill House, Belfast, loyalist leader Gusty Spence announced that the Combined Loyalist Military Command would observe a ceasefire.
2019 – At the Chicago Marathon, Kenyan runner Brigid Kosgei (pictured) set the marathon world record for women running in a mixed-sex race.

Rudolf Virchow (b. 1821)
Chris Carter (b. 1956)
Bea Benaderet (d. 1968)
Joshua Wong (b. 1996)

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October 14

Death of Harold on the Bayeux Tapestry

1066 – Norman Conquest: William the Conqueror's forces defeated the English army near Hastings and killed Harold Godwinson (event pictured), the last crowned Anglo-Saxon king of England.
1805 – War of the Third Coalition: French forces under Marshal Michel Ney defeated Austrian forces in Elchingen, present-day Germany.
1913 – The worst mining accident in the United Kingdom's history took place when an explosion resulted in 440 deaths at the Universal Colliery in Senghenydd, Wales.
1943 – The Second Philippine Republic, a Japanese puppet state, was established with Jose P. Laurel as its first president.
1964 – Members of the Politburo voted to remove Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and replace him with Leonid Brezhnev.

Charles de Tricornot de Rose (b. 1876)
Mohamed Saïl (b. 1894)
Marie Lang (d. 1934)
Wu Yize (b. 2003)

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October 15

Air India Boeing 747

1815 – Napoleon began his exile on Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean, which would encompass his final six years.
1932 – Air India (modern aircraft pictured), the flag carrier airline of India, began operations under the name Tata Airlines.
1954 – Hurricane Hazel made landfall in the Carolinas in the United States before moving north to Toronto in Canada later the same day, killing 176 people in the two countries.
1996 – The Irish Criminal Assets Bureau was established following the gangland murders of Detective Garda Jerry McCabe and investigative journalist Veronica Guerin.
2006 – An earthquake registering 6.7 M_w occurred off the northwestern coast of the island of Hawaiʻi.

Tadeusz Kościuszko (d. 1817)
Hiram Fong (b. 1906)
Jamie Stuart (b. 1976)
Jim Bolger (d. 2025)

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October 16

Háry János poster

1384 – Jadwiga was officially crowned as "King of Poland" instead of "Queen" to reflect the fact that she was a sovereign in her own right.
1875 – Brigham Young University was founded in Provo, Utah, United States.
1926 – Háry János (poster pictured), a Hungarian folk opera by Zoltán Kodály, was premiered at the Royal Hungarian Opera House in Budapest.
1950 – The first novel of the The Chronicles of Narnia series by C. S. Lewis, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, was published in the United Kingdom.
2017 – The Maltese journalist and anti-corruption activist Daphne Caruana Galizia was killed in a car bomb attack in Bidnija.

Shams al-Din Juvayni (d. 1284)
Pamela C. Rasmussen (b. 1959)
Naomi Osaka (b. 1997)
Baek Se-hee (d. 2025)

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October 17

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

1660 – A series of executions of the commissioners who signed the death warrant of King Charles I of England concluded; six were hanged, drawn and quartered for treason.
1771 – Ascanio in Alba, an opera composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (pictured) at the age of 15, premiered in Milan.
1860 – The Open Championship, the oldest of the four major championships in men's golf, was first played at Prestwick Golf Club in Scotland.
1992 – Having gone to the wrong house in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, for a Halloween party, Japanese exchange student Yoshihiro Hattori was shot and killed by the homeowner.
2001 – Rehavam Ze'evi, the Israeli minister of tourism, was assassinated in revenge for the killing of PFLP leader Abu Ali Mustafa.
2026 - Juan Francisco Solórzano Foppa, a former Guatemalan tax chief, was assassinated.

Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke (d. 1781)
Childe Hassam (b. 1859)
Tarkan (b. 1972)
Medina Eisa (b. 2002)

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October 18: Double Ninth Festival in China (2026); Alaska Day

Johannes Brahms

1356 – The most significant earthquake to have occurred in Central Europe in recorded history destroyed Basel, Switzerland.
1887 – Johannes Brahms (pictured) conducted the premiere of his Double Concerto, composed for violinist Joseph Joachim and cellist Robert Hausmann.
1943 – Pere Areny, convicted of the murder of his brother, became the last person to be executed by Andorra.
1963 – The first cat in space, later known as Félicette, launched aboard a French Véronique rocket.
2019 – Protests in Santiago that started 11 days prior escalated into open battle against the Chilean national police, forcing President Sebastián Piñera to declare a state of emergency.

Jacob Jordaens (d. 1678)
Christapor Mikaelian (b. 1859)
Chuck Berry (b. 1926)
Zhou Xun (b. 1974)

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October 19

Hurricane Wilma northeast of Honduras

1864 – American Civil War: Despite incurring nearly twice as many casualties as the Confederates, the Union army emerged victorious at the Battle of Cedar Creek.
1955 – At a meeting of its general assembly, the European Broadcasting Union approved the staging of the first Eurovision Song Contest.
1965 – Vietnam War: The Siege of Plei Me began with the first major confrontation between soldiers of the North Vietnamese Army and the U.S. Army.
2005 – Hurricane Wilma (pictured) became the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum atmospheric pressure of 882 mbar (26.05 inHg).

Salimuzzaman Siddiqui (b. 1897)
Marjorie Tallchief (b. 1926)
Noof Al Maadeed (b. 1998)
Charley Trippi (d. 2022)

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October 20

Mahamat Déby

1936 – British woman Mabel Freer was refused entry to Australia after failing a dictation test given in Italian, leading to a debate over Australia's immigration policy.
1944 – World War II: Fulfilling a promise he made two years previously, General Douglas MacArthur landed on Leyte to begin the recapture of the Philippines.
1986 – Soviet Aeroflot Flight 6502 crashed after overrunning the runway at Kuibyshev Airport, killing 70 people on board.
2022 – Protests broke out across Chad after President Mahamat Déby (pictured) declared his intentions to extend his rule by another two years.

Sennacherib (d. 681 BC)
Luo Yixiu (b. 1889)
Hun Manet (b. 1977)
Rui Pinto (b. 1988)

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October 21

Aftermath of the Seongsu Bridge disaster

1096 – First Crusade: At the Battle of Civetot, the Seljuk forces of Kilij Arslan destroyed the army of the People's Crusade as it marched toward Nicaea.
1854 – Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses and 15 nuns were sent to the Ottoman Empire to help treat wounded British soldiers fighting in the Crimean War.
1966 – A coal tip fell on the village of Aberfan, Wales, killing 144 people, mostly schoolchildren.
1994 – In Seoul, South Korea, 32 people were killed and 17 others injured when a span of the Seongsu Bridge collapsed (pictured).

Birger Jarl (d. 1266)
Henry Lawes (d. 1662)
Ursula K. Le Guin (b. 1929)
Peter Mandelson (b. 1953)

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October 22

Montparnasse derailment

906 – Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh, an Abbasid military officer of Turkic origin, led a raid against the Byzantine Empire, taking at least 4,000 captives.
1895 – At Gare Montparnasse in Paris, an express train derailed after overrunning the buffer stop and crashed through the station wall (pictured).
1936 – Dod Orsborne, captain of the fishing trawler Girl Pat, was convicted of its theft and imprisoned, having caused a media sensation when it went missing.
1966 – With their album The Supremes A' Go-Go, the Supremes became the first all-female group to reach number one on the Billboard 200 chart.

Lev Yashin (b. 1929)
Deepak Chopra (b. 1946)
Javier Milei (b. 1970)
Evdokia Reshetnik (d. 1996)

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October 23: Mole Day

Marco Simoncelli in 2011

1157 – The Battle of Grathe Heath ended the Danish Civil War.
1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flew his biplane 14-bis for 50 metres (160 ft) at an altitude of about four metres (13 ft).
1956 – The Hungarian Revolution began as a peaceful student demonstration that attracted thousands while marching through central Budapest to the parliament building.
2011 – During the Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix, Marco Simoncelli (pictured) collided with two other riders, resulting in his death due to serious trauma to the head, neck, and chest.

Stefano Franscini (b. 1796)
Emilia Clarke (b. 1986)
Bill Nicholson (d. 2004)
Otto Barch (d. 2025)

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October 24

George Washington Bridge

1789 – The Brabant Revolution, sometimes considered to be the first expression of Belgian nationalism, began with the invasion of the Austrian Netherlands by an émigré army from the Dutch Republic.
1851 – Umbriel and Ariel, the third- and fourth-largest moons of Uranus, were discovered by William Lassell.
1931 – The George Washington Bridge (pictured), connecting Manhattan, New York City, to Fort Lee, New Jersey, and today the world's busiest motor-vehicle bridge, was dedicated.
1964 – Charges in a military court against generals Dương Văn Đức and Lâm Văn Phát of leading a coup attempt against South Vietnamese leader Nguyễn Khánh were dropped.

Tycho Brahe (d. 1601)
James Rorke (d. 1875)
Sofia Gubaidulina (b. 1931)
Roman Abramovich (b. 1966)

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October 25

Students dancing around Statue of Industry after tarring and feathering it

1616 – Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog left a plate on an island in Shark Bay, the oldest-known artefact of European exploration in Australia still in existence.
1864 – American Civil War: During Price's Missouri Expedition, Union troops defeated Sterling Price's Confederate army in three successive battles: Marais des Cygnes, Mine Creek, and Marmiton River.
1929 – Hundreds of students at Armstrong College in Newcastle, England, tarred and feathered Statue of Industry (pictured), a sculpture by Herbert Maryon.
2001 – Windows XP, one of the most popular and widely used versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system, was released for retail sale.

Évariste Galois (b. 1811)
Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti (b. 1900)
Larry Itliong (b. 1913)
Antonin Raymond (d. 1976)

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October 26

Edward Roye

1341 – The Byzantine army proclaimed chief minister John VI Kantakouzenos as emperor, triggering a civil war between his supporters and those of John V Palaiologos, the heir to the throne.
1871 – Liberian president Edward James Roye (pictured) was overthrown in modern Africa's first coup d'état.
1906 – The Illinois Memorial, honoring Union army soldiers from Illinois who fought at the Siege of Vicksburg, was dedicated at Vicksburg National Military Park.
1994 – Israel and Jordan signed a peace treaty, settling relations between the two countries and pledging that neither would allow its territory to become a staging ground for military strikes by a third country.

Michael Maestlin (d. 1631)
Pat Sajak (b. 1946)
Rebecca Tunney (b. 1996)
Walter Smith (d. 2021)

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October 27

City Hall station in the 1900s

1726 – In Leipzig, J. S. Bach led the first performance of Ich will den Kreuzstab gerne tragen, one of the few works that he called a cantata.
1904 – The first underground segment of the New York City Subway opened, connecting New York City Hall (station pictured) with Harlem.
1946 – Inter-religious riots in which Hindu mobs targeted Muslim families began in the Indian state of Bihar, resulting in thousands of deaths.
1999 – Armed men led by Nairi Hunanyan carried out a mass shooting at the Armenian parliament, killing Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan, National Assembly speaker Karen Demirchyan, and six others.

Lope de Aguirre (d. 1561)
Jan Duursema (b. 1954)
Judy LaMarsh (d. 1980)
Takahito, Prince Mikasa (d. 2016)

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October 28

Statue of Liberty

312 – Civil wars of the Tetrarchy: Constantine the Great defeated Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in Rome.
1453 – Ladislaus the Posthumous was crowned King of Bohemia, although George of Poděbrady remained in control of the government.
1886 – In New York Harbor, U.S. president Grover Cleveland dedicated the Statue of Liberty (pictured), a gift from France commemorating the Declaration of Independence.
2013 – Members of the Turkistan Islamic Party drove a vehicle into a crowd in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China, killing five people and injuring thirty-eight others.

Charlotte Turner Smith (d. 1806)
Julia Roberts (b. 1967)
Aki Toyosaki (b. 1986)
Matthew Perry (d. 2023)

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October 29: Republic Day in Turkey (1923)

1831 Bristol riots

1831 – Rioting broke out in Bristol, England, after the Second Reform Bill failed to pass parliament, causing 250 casualties and £300,000 of damage (pictured).
1868 – The Nanbu clan of Honshu surrendered to imperial forces during the Boshin War.
1956 – Israeli Border Police massacred 48 Arab citizens of Kafr Qasim, among them women and children who were returning from work.
1991 – Galileo became the first spacecraft to visit an asteroid when it made a flyby of 951 Gaspra.

Edmund Calamy the Elder (d. 1666)
Émilienne Morin (b. 1901)
Edwin van der Sar (b. 1970)
Juha Vainio (d. 1990)

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October 30

French troops capturing Stettin

1806 – War of the Fourth Coalition: Believing that they were outnumbered, the German garrison at Stettin surrendered to a much smaller French force (depicted) without a fight.
1966 – Singaporean leftist opposition leader Chia Thye Poh was detained under the Internal Security Act, which allows for preventive detention, and held for 32 years.
1991 – The Madrid Conference, an attempt by the international community to revive the Israeli–Palestinian peace process through negotiations, convened.
2001 – Michael Jackson released Invincible, his final studio album and the most expensive album ever produced.

Angelica Kauffman (b. 1741)
Caroline Spencer (b. 1861)
Miloš Trifunović (b. 1871)
Oen Boen Ing (d. 1982)

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October 31: Halloween

Indira Gandhi

1917 – World War I: Allied forces defeated Turkish troops in Beersheba in Southern Palestine at the Battle of Beersheba, with the battle involving one of the last successful cavalry charges.
1941 – 100 crew members of the USS Reuben James perished when their vessel became the first U.S. Navy ship sunk by hostile action during World War II after it was torpedoed by the German submarine U-552.
1984 – Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi (pictured) was assassinated by two of her own Sikh bodyguards, sparking riots that killed thousands of Sikhs.
2005 – The discovery of the Plutonian moons Nix and Hydra, based on photographs taken by the Hubble Space Telescope nearly five months prior, was announced.

Natalie Clifford Barney (b. 1876)
Abdul El-Sayed (b. 1984)
Ludvig Åberg (b. 1999)
MF Doom (d. 2020)

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Selected anniversaries / On this day archive

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An archive of historical anniversaries that appeared on the Main Page 2026 day arrangement