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<div class="tutorial-container" style="max-width: 960px; margin: 80px auto 40px; padding: 0 20px;"><div class="tutorial-sidebar"><h3>目录</h3><a href="0.html">1. 简介</a><a href="1.html">2. Python历史</a><a href="2.html">3. 安装Python</a><a href="3.html">3.1. Python解释器</a><a href="4.html">4. 第一个Python程序</a><a href="5.html">4.1. 使用文本编辑器</a><a href="6.html">4.2. 输入和输出</a><a href="7.html">5. Python基础</a><a href="8.html">5.1. 数据类型和变量</a><a href="9.html">5.2. 字符串和编码</a><a href="10.html">5.3. 使用list和tuple</a><a href="11.html">5.4. 条件判断</a><a href="12.html">5.5. 模式匹配</a><a href="13.html">5.6. 循环</a><a href="14.html">5.7. 使用dict和set</a><a href="15.html">6. 函数</a><a href="16.html">6.1. 调用函数</a><a href="17.html">6.2. 定义函数</a><a href="18.html">6.3. 函数的参数</a><a href="19.html">6.4. 递归函数</a><a href="20.html">7. 高级特性</a><a href="21.html">7.1. 切片</a><a href="22.html">7.2. 迭代</a><a href="23.html">7.3. 列表生成式</a><a href="24.html">7.4. 生成器</a><a href="25.html">7.5. 迭代器</a><a href="26.html">8. 函数式编程</a><a href="27.html">8.1. 高阶函数</a><a href="28.html">8.1.1. map/reduce</a><a href="29.html">8.1.2. filter</a><a href="30.html">8.1.3. sorted</a><a href="31.html">8.2. 返回函数</a><a href="32.html">8.3. 匿名函数</a><a href="33.html">8.4. 装饰器</a><a href="34.html">8.5. 偏函数</a><a href="35.html">9. 模块</a><a href="36.html">9.1. 使用模块</a><a href="37.html">9.2. 安装第三方模块</a><a href="38.html">10. 面向对象编程</a><a href="39.html">10.1. 类和实例</a><a href="40.html">10.2. 访问限制</a><a href="41.html">10.3. 继承和多态</a><a href="42.html">10.4. 获取对象信息</a><a href="43.html">10.5. 实例属性和类属性</a><a href="44.html">11. 面向对象高级编程</a><a href="45.html">11.1. 使用__slots__</a><a href="46.html">11.2. 使用@property</a><a href="47.html">11.3. 多重继承</a><a href="48.html">11.4. 定制类</a><a href="49.html">11.5. 使用枚举类</a><a href="50.html">11.6. 使用元类</a><a href="51.html">12. 错误、调试和测试</a><a href="52.html">12.1. 错误处理</a><a href="53.html">12.2. 调试</a><a href="54.html">12.3. 单元测试</a><a href="55.html">12.4. 文档测试</a><a href="56.html">13. IO编程</a><a href="57.html">13.1. 文件读写</a><a href="58.html">13.2. StringIO和BytesIO</a><a href="59.html">13.3. 操作文件和目录</a><a href="60.html">13.4. 序列化</a><a href="61.html">14. 进程和线程</a><a href="62.html">14.1. 多进程</a><a href="63.html">14.2. 多线程</a><a href="64.html">14.3. ThreadLocal</a><a href="65.html">14.4. 进程 vs. 线程</a><a href="66.html">14.5. 分布式进程</a><a href="67.html">15. 正则表达式</a><a href="68.html">16. 常用内建模块</a><a href="69.html">16.1. datetime</a><a href="70.html">16.2. collections</a><a href="71.html">16.3. argparse</a><a href="72.html">16.4. base64</a><a href="73.html">16.5. struct</a><a href="74.html">16.6. hashlib</a><a href="75.html">16.7. hmac</a><a href="76.html">16.8. itertools</a><a href="77.html">16.9. contextlib</a><a href="78.html">16.10. urllib</a><a href="79.html">16.11. XML</a><a href="80.html">16.12. HTMLParser</a><a href="81.html">16.13. venv</a><a href="82.html">17. 常用第三方模块</a><a href="83.html">17.1. Pillow</a><a href="84.html">17.2. requests</a><a href="85.html">17.3. chardet</a><a href="86.html">17.4. psutil</a><a href="87.html">18. 图形界面</a><a href="88.html">18.1. 海龟绘图</a><a href="89.html">19. 网络编程</a><a href="90.html">19.1. TCP/IP简介</a><a href="91.html">19.2. TCP编程</a><a href="92.html">19.3. UDP编程</a><a href="93.html">20. 电子邮件</a><a href="94.html">20.1. SMTP发送邮件</a><a href="95.html">20.2. POP3收取邮件</a><a href="96.html">21. 访问数据库</a><a href="97.html">21.1. 使用SQLite</a><a href="98.html">21.2. 使用MySQL</a><a href="99.html">21.3. 使用SQLAlchemy</a><a href="100.html">22. Web开发</a><a href="101.html">22.1. HTTP协议简介</a><a href="102.html">22.2. HTML简介</a><a href="103.html">22.3. WSGI接口</a><a href="104.html">22.4. 使用Web框架</a><a href="105.html">22.5. 使用模板</a><a href="106.html">23. 异步IO</a><a href="107.html">23.1. 协程</a><a href="108.html">23.2. 使用asyncio</a><a href="109.html">23.3. 使用aiohttp</a><a href="110.html">24. FAQ</a><a href="111.html">25. 期末总结</a></div><div class="tutorial-content"><h1>6.1. 调用函数</h1><div class="tutorial-body"><p>要调用一个函数，需要知道函数的名称和参数，比如求绝对值的函数<code>abs</code>，只有一个参数。可以直接从Python的官方网站查看<a href="http://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#abs" target="_blank">文档</a>，也可以在交互式命令行通过<code>help(abs)</code>查看<code>abs</code>函数的帮助信息。</p>
<p>调用<code>abs</code>函数：</p>
<pre class="hljs"><code class="language-plain">>>> abs(100)
100
>>> abs(-20)
20
>>> abs(12.34)
12.34
</code></pre>
<p>调用函数的时候，如果传入的参数数量不对，会报<code>TypeError</code>的错误，并且Python会明确地告诉你：<code>abs()</code>有且仅有1个参数，但给出了两个：</p>
<pre class="hljs"><code class="language-plain">>>> abs(1, 2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: abs() takes exactly one argument (2 given)
</code></pre>
<p>如果传入的参数数量是对的，但参数类型不能被函数所接受，也会报<code>TypeError</code>的错误，并且给出错误信息：<code>str</code>是错误的参数类型：</p>
<pre class="hljs"><code class="language-plain">>>> abs('a')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: bad operand type for abs(): 'str'
</code></pre>
<p>而<code>max</code>函数<code>max()</code>可以接收任意多个参数，并返回最大的那个：</p>
<pre class="hljs"><code class="language-plain">>>> max(1, 2)
2
>>> max(2, 3, 1, -5)
3
</code></pre>
<h3>数据类型转换</h3>
<p>Python内置的常用函数还包括数据类型转换函数，比如<code>int()</code>函数可以把其他数据类型转换为整数：</p>
<pre class="hljs"><code class="language-plain">>>> int('123')
123
>>> int(12.34)
12
>>> float('12.34')
12.34
>>> str(1.23)
'1.23'
>>> str(100)
'100'
>>> bool(1)
True
>>> bool('')
False
</code></pre>
<p>函数名其实就是指向一个函数对象的引用，完全可以把函数名赋给一个变量，相当于给这个函数起了一个“别名”：</p>
<pre class="hljs"><code class="language-plain">>>> a = abs # 变量a指向abs函数
>>> a(-1) # 所以也可以通过a调用abs函数
1
</code></pre>
<h3>练习</h3>
<p>请利用Python内置的<code>hex()</code>函数把一个整数转换成十六进制表示的字符串：</p>
<pre class="hljs"><code class="language-python">n1 = <span class="hljs-number">255</span>
n2 = <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(???)
</code></pre>
<h3>参考源码</h3>
<p><a href="call_func.py">call_func.py</a></p>
<h3>小结</h3>
<p>调用Python的函数，需要根据函数定义，传入正确的参数。如果函数调用出错，一定要学会看错误信息，所以英文很重要！</p>
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