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# Copyright (C) 2001-2024, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-10-17 14:27+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: FRENCH <traductions@lists.afpy.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:5
msgid "Python support for free threading"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:7
msgid ""
"Starting with the 3.13 release, CPython has support for a build of Python "
"called :term:`free threading` where the :term:`global interpreter lock` "
"(GIL) is disabled. Free-threaded execution allows for full utilization of "
"the available processing power by running threads in parallel on available "
"CPU cores. While not all software will benefit from this automatically, "
"programs designed with threading in mind will run faster on multi-core "
"hardware."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:14
msgid ""
"Some third-party packages, in particular ones with an :term:`extension "
"module`, may not be ready for use in a free-threaded build, and will re-"
"enable the :term:`GIL`."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:18
msgid ""
"This document describes the implications of free threading for Python code. "
"See :ref:`freethreading-extensions-howto` for information on how to write C "
"extensions that support the free-threaded build."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:24
msgid ""
":pep:`703` – Making the Global Interpreter Lock Optional in CPython for an "
"overall description of free-threaded Python."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:29
msgid "Installation"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:31
msgid ""
"Starting with Python 3.13, the official macOS and Windows installers "
"optionally support installing free-threaded Python binaries. The installers "
"are available at https://www.python.org/downloads/."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:35
msgid ""
"For information on other platforms, see the `Installing a Free-Threaded "
"Python <https://py-free-threading.github.io/installing-cpython/>`_, a "
"community-maintained installation guide for installing free-threaded Python."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:39
msgid ""
"When building CPython from source, the :option:`--disable-gil` configure "
"option should be used to build a free-threaded Python interpreter."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:44
msgid "Identifying free-threaded Python"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:46
msgid ""
"To check if the current interpreter supports free-threading, :option:`python "
"-VV <-V>` and :data:`sys.version` contain \"free-threading build\". The "
"new :func:`sys._is_gil_enabled` function can be used to check whether the "
"GIL is actually disabled in the running process."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:51
msgid ""
"The ``sysconfig.get_config_var(\"Py_GIL_DISABLED\")`` configuration variable "
"can be used to determine whether the build supports free threading. If the "
"variable is set to ``1``, then the build supports free threading. This is "
"the recommended mechanism for decisions related to the build configuration."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:58
msgid "The global interpreter lock in free-threaded Python"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:60
msgid ""
"Free-threaded builds of CPython support optionally running with the GIL "
"enabled at runtime using the environment variable :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` or "
"the command-line option :option:`-X gil`."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:64
msgid ""
"The GIL may also automatically be enabled when importing a C-API extension "
"module that is not explicitly marked as supporting free threading. A "
"warning will be printed in this case."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:68
msgid ""
"In addition to individual package documentation, the following websites "
"track the status of popular packages support for free threading:"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:71
msgid "https://py-free-threading.github.io/tracking/"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:72
msgid "https://hugovk.github.io/free-threaded-wheels/"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:76
msgid "Thread safety"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:78
msgid ""
"The free-threaded build of CPython aims to provide similar thread-safety "
"behavior at the Python level to the default GIL-enabled build. Built-in "
"types like :class:`dict`, :class:`list`, and :class:`set` use internal locks "
"to protect against concurrent modifications in ways that behave similarly to "
"the GIL. However, Python has not historically guaranteed specific behavior "
"for concurrent modifications to these built-in types, so this should be "
"treated as a description of the current implementation, not a guarantee of "
"current or future behavior."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:89
msgid ""
"It's recommended to use the :class:`threading.Lock` or other synchronization "
"primitives instead of relying on the internal locks of built-in types, when "
"possible."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:95
msgid "Known limitations"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:97
msgid ""
"This section describes known limitations of the free-threaded CPython build."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:100
msgid "Immortalization"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:102
msgid ""
"In the free-threaded build, some objects are :term:`immortal`. Immortal "
"objects are not deallocated and have reference counts that are never "
"modified. This is done to avoid reference count contention that would "
"prevent efficient multi-threaded scaling."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:107
msgid "As of the 3.14 release, immortalization is limited to:"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:109
msgid ""
"Code constants: numeric literals, string literals, and tuple literals "
"composed of other constants."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:111
msgid "Strings interned by :func:`sys.intern`."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:115
msgid "Frame objects"
msgstr "Objets cadres"
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:117
msgid ""
"It is not safe to access :attr:`frame.f_locals` from a :ref:`frame <frame-"
"objects>` object if that frame is currently executing in another thread, and "
"doing so may crash the interpreter."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:123
msgid "Iterators"
msgstr "Itérateurs"
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:125
msgid ""
"It is generally not thread-safe to access the same iterator object from "
"multiple threads concurrently, and threads may see duplicate or missing "
"elements."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:131
msgid "Single-threaded performance"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:133
msgid ""
"The free-threaded build has additional overhead when executing Python code "
"compared to the default GIL-enabled build. The amount of overhead depends "
"on the workload and hardware. On the pyperformance benchmark suite, the "
"average overhead ranges from about 1% on macOS aarch64 to 8% on x86-64 Linux "
"systems."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:141
msgid "Behavioral changes"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:143
msgid ""
"This section describes CPython behavioural changes with the free-threaded "
"build."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:148
msgid "Context variables"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:150
msgid ""
"In the free-threaded build, the "
"flag :data:`~sys.flags.thread_inherit_context` is set to true by default "
"which causes threads created with :class:`threading.Thread` to start with a "
"copy of the :class:`~contextvars.Context()` of the caller "
"of :meth:`~threading.Thread.start`. In the default GIL-enabled build, the "
"flag defaults to false so threads start with an "
"empty :class:`~contextvars.Context()`."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:160
msgid "Warning filters"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:162
msgid ""
"In the free-threaded build, the "
"flag :data:`~sys.flags.context_aware_warnings` is set to true by default. "
"In the default GIL-enabled build, the flag defaults to false. If the flag "
"is true then the :class:`warnings.catch_warnings` context manager uses a "
"context variable for warning filters. If the flag is false "
"then :class:`~warnings.catch_warnings` modifies the global filters list, "
"which is not thread-safe. See the :mod:`warnings` module for more details."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:171
msgid "Increased memory usage"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:173
msgid ""
"The free-threaded build will typically use more memory compared to the "
"default build. There are multiple reasons for this, mostly due to design "
"decisions."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:178
msgid "All interned strings are immortal"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:180
msgid ""
"For modern Python versions (since version 2.3), interning a string (e.g. "
"with :func:`sys.intern`) does not cause it to become immortal. Instead, if "
"the last reference to that string disappears, it will be removed from the "
"interned string table. This is not the case for the free-threaded build and "
"any interned string will become immortal, surviving until interpreter "
"shutdown."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:188
msgid "Non-GC objects have a larger object header"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:190
msgid ""
"The free-threaded build uses a different :c:type:`PyObject` structure. "
"Instead of having the GC related information allocated before "
"the :c:type:`PyObject` structure, like in the default build, the GC related "
"info is part of the normal object header. For example, on the AMD64 "
"platform, ``None`` uses 32 bytes on the free-threaded build vs 16 bytes for "
"the default build. GC objects (such as dicts and lists) are the same size "
"for both builds since the free-threaded build does not use additional space "
"for the GC info."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:200
msgid "QSBR can delay freeing of memory"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:202
msgid ""
"In order to safely implement lock-free data structures, a safe memory "
"reclamation (SMR) scheme is used, known as quiescent state-based reclamation "
"(QSBR). This means that the memory backing data structures allowing lock-"
"free access will use QSBR, which defers the free operation, rather than "
"immediately freeing the memory. Two examples of these data structures are "
"the list object and the dictionary keys object. See ``InternalDocs/"
"qsbr.md`` in the CPython source tree for more details on how QSBR is "
"implemented. Running :func:`gc.collect` should cause all memory being held "
"by QSBR to be actually freed. Note that even when QSBR frees the memory, "
"the underlying memory allocator may not immediately return that memory to "
"the OS and so the resident set size (RSS) of the process might not decrease."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:216
msgid "mimalloc allocator vs pymalloc"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:218
msgid ""
"The default build will normally use the \"pymalloc\" memory allocator for "
"small allocations (512 bytes or smaller). The free-threaded build does not "
"use pymalloc and allocates all Python objects using the \"mimalloc\" "
"allocator. The pymalloc allocator has the following properties that help "
"keep memory usage low: small per-allocated-block overhead, effective memory "
"fragmentation prevention, and quick return of free memory to the operating "
"system. The mimalloc allocator does quite well in these respects as well "
"but can have some more overhead."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:227
msgid ""
"In the free-threaded build, mimalloc manages memory in a number of separate "
"heaps (currently four). For example, all GC supporting objects are "
"allocated from their own heap. Using separate heaps means that free memory "
"in one heap cannot be used for an allocation that uses another heap. Also, "
"some heaps are configured to use QSBR (quiescent-state based reclamation) "
"when freeing the memory that backs up the heap (known as \"pages\" in "
"mimalloc terminology). The use of QSBR creates a delay between all memory "
"blocks for a page being freed and the memory page being released, either for "
"new allocations or back to the OS."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:237
msgid ""
"The mimalloc allocator also defers returning freed memory back to the OS. "
"You can reduce that delay by setting the environment variable :envvar:`!"
"MIMALLOC_PURGE_DELAY` to ``0``. Note that this will likely reduce the "
"performance of the allocator."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:244
msgid "Free-threaded reference counting can cause objects to live longer"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:246
msgid ""
"In the default build, when an object's reference count reaches zero, it is "
"normally deallocated. The free-threaded build uses \"biased reference "
"counting\", with a fast-path for objects \"owned\" by the current thread and "
"a slow path for other objects. See :pep:`703` for additional details. Any "
"time an object's reference count ends up in a \"queued\" state, deallocation "
"can be deferred. The queued state is cleared from the \"eval breaker\" "
"section of the bytecode evaluator."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:254
msgid ""
"The free-threaded build also allows a different mode of reference counting, "
"known as \"deferred reference counting\". This mode is enabled by setting a "
"flag on a per-object basis. Deferred reference counting is enabled for the "
"following types:"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:259
#, fuzzy
msgid "module objects"
msgstr "Objets cadres"
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:260
msgid "module top-level functions"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:261
msgid "class methods defined in the class scope"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:262
msgid "descriptor objects"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:263
msgid "thread-local objects, created by :class:`threading.local`"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:265
msgid ""
"When deferred reference counting is enabled, references from Python function "
"stacks are not added to the reference count. This scheme reduces the "
"overhead of reference counting, especially for objects used from multiple "
"threads. Because the stack references are not counted, objects with deferred "
"reference counting are not immediately freed when their internal reference "
"count goes to zero. Instead, they are examined by the next GC run and, if "
"no stack references to them are found, they are freed. This means these "
"objects are freed by the GC and not when their reference count goes to zero, "
"as is typical."
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:276
msgid "Per-thread reference counting can delay freeing objects"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:278
msgid ""
"To avoid contention on the reference count fields of frequently shared "
"objects, the free-threaded build also uses \"per-thread reference counting\" "
"for a few selected object types. Rather than updating a single shared "
"reference count, each thread maintains its own local reference count array, "
"indexed by a unique id assigned to the object. The true reference count is "
"only computed by summing the per-thread counts when the object's local count "
"drops to zero. Per-thread reference counting is currently used for:"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:286
msgid "heap type objects (classes created in Python)"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:287
#, fuzzy
msgid "code objects"
msgstr "Objets cadres"
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:288
msgid "the ``__dict__`` of module objects"
msgstr ""
#: howto/free-threading-python.rst:290
msgid ""
"Because the per-thread counts must be merged back to the object before it "
"can be deallocated, objects using per-thread reference counting are "
"typically freed later than they would be in the default build. In "
"particular, such an object is usually not freed until the thread that "
"referenced it reaches a safe point (for example, in the \"eval breaker\" "
"section of the bytecode evaluator) or exits. Running :func:`gc.collect` "
"will merge the per-thread counts and allow these objects to be freed."
msgstr ""