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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.

# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.

# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.

# Translators:

# Maciej Olko <maciej.olko@gmail.com>, 2020

# Krzysztof Abramowicz, 2022

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

msgstr ""

"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.8\n"

"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"

"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-01-01 16:06+0000\n"

"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-05-30 12:16+0000\n"

"Last-Translator: Krzysztof Abramowicz, 2022\n"

"Language-Team: Polish (https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/pl/)\n"

"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"

"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

"Language: pl\n"

"Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : (n%10>=2 && n%10<=4) && "

"(n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n!=1 && (n%10>=0 && n%10<=1) || (n%10>=5 && "

"n%10<=9) || (n%100>=12 && n%100<=14) ? 2 : 3);\n"

msgid "Input and Output"

msgstr "Wejście i wyjście"

msgid ""

"There are several ways to present the output of a program; data can be "

"printed in a human-readable form, or written to a file for future use. This "

"chapter will discuss some of the possibilities."

msgstr ""

msgid "Fancier Output Formatting"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"So far we've encountered two ways of writing values: *expression statements* "

"and the :func:`print` function. (A third way is using the :meth:`write` "

"method of file objects; the standard output file can be referenced as ``sys."

"stdout``. See the Library Reference for more information on this.)"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"Often you'll want more control over the formatting of your output than "

"simply printing space-separated values. There are several ways to format "

"output."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"To use :ref:`formatted string literals <tut-f-strings>`, begin a string with "

"``f`` or ``F`` before the opening quotation mark or triple quotation mark. "

"Inside this string, you can write a Python expression between ``{`` and ``}"

"`` characters that can refer to variables or literal values."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"The :meth:`str.format` method of strings requires more manual effort. "

"You'll still use ``{`` and ``}`` to mark where a variable will be "

"substituted and can provide detailed formatting directives, but you'll also "

"need to provide the information to be formatted."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"Finally, you can do all the string handling yourself by using string slicing "

"and concatenation operations to create any layout you can imagine. The "

"string type has some methods that perform useful operations for padding "

"strings to a given column width."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"When you don't need fancy output but just want a quick display of some "

"variables for debugging purposes, you can convert any value to a string with "

"the :func:`repr` or :func:`str` functions."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"The :func:`str` function is meant to return representations of values which "

"are fairly human-readable, while :func:`repr` is meant to generate "

"representations which can be read by the interpreter (or will force a :exc:"

"`SyntaxError` if there is no equivalent syntax). For objects which don't "

"have a particular representation for human consumption, :func:`str` will "

"return the same value as :func:`repr`. Many values, such as numbers or "

"structures like lists and dictionaries, have the same representation using "

"either function. Strings, in particular, have two distinct representations."

msgstr ""

msgid "Some examples::"

msgstr "Trochę przykładów::"

msgid ""

"The :mod:`string` module contains a :class:`~string.Template` class that "

"offers yet another way to substitute values into strings, using placeholders "

"like ``$x`` and replacing them with values from a dictionary, but offers "

"much less control of the formatting."

msgstr ""

msgid "Formatted String Literals"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

":ref:`Formatted string literals <f-strings>` (also called f-strings for "

"short) let you include the value of Python expressions inside a string by "

"prefixing the string with ``f`` or ``F`` and writing expressions as "

"``{expression}``."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"An optional format specifier can follow the expression. This allows greater "

"control over how the value is formatted. The following example rounds pi to "

"three places after the decimal::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"Passing an integer after the ``':'`` will cause that field to be a minimum "

"number of characters wide. This is useful for making columns line up. ::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"Other modifiers can be used to convert the value before it is formatted. ``'!"

"a'`` applies :func:`ascii`, ``'!s'`` applies :func:`str`, and ``'!r'`` "

"applies :func:`repr`::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"For a reference on these format specifications, see the reference guide for "

"the :ref:`formatspec`."

msgstr ""

msgid "The String format() Method"

msgstr ""

msgid "Basic usage of the :meth:`str.format` method looks like this::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"The brackets and characters within them (called format fields) are replaced "

"with the objects passed into the :meth:`str.format` method. A number in the "

"brackets can be used to refer to the position of the object passed into the :"

"meth:`str.format` method. ::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"If keyword arguments are used in the :meth:`str.format` method, their values "

"are referred to by using the name of the argument. ::"

msgstr ""

msgid "Positional and keyword arguments can be arbitrarily combined::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"If you have a really long format string that you don't want to split up, it "

"would be nice if you could reference the variables to be formatted by name "

"instead of by position. This can be done by simply passing the dict and "

"using square brackets ``'[]'`` to access the keys. ::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"This could also be done by passing the table as keyword arguments with the "

"'**' notation. ::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"This is particularly useful in combination with the built-in function :func:"

"`vars`, which returns a dictionary containing all local variables."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"As an example, the following lines produce a tidily-aligned set of columns "

"giving integers and their squares and cubes::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"For a complete overview of string formatting with :meth:`str.format`, see :"

"ref:`formatstrings`."

msgstr ""

msgid "Manual String Formatting"

msgstr ""

msgid "Here's the same table of squares and cubes, formatted manually::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"(Note that the one space between each column was added by the way :func:"

"`print` works: it always adds spaces between its arguments.)"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"The :meth:`str.rjust` method of string objects right-justifies a string in a "

"field of a given width by padding it with spaces on the left. There are "

"similar methods :meth:`str.ljust` and :meth:`str.center`. These methods do "

"not write anything, they just return a new string. If the input string is "

"too long, they don't truncate it, but return it unchanged; this will mess up "

"your column lay-out but that's usually better than the alternative, which "

"would be lying about a value. (If you really want truncation you can always "

"add a slice operation, as in ``x.ljust(n)[:n]``.)"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"There is another method, :meth:`str.zfill`, which pads a numeric string on "

"the left with zeros. It understands about plus and minus signs::"

msgstr ""

msgid "Old string formatting"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"The % operator (modulo) can also be used for string formatting. Given "

"``'string' % values``, instances of ``%`` in ``string`` are replaced with "

"zero or more elements of ``values``. This operation is commonly known as "

"string interpolation. For example::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"More information can be found in the :ref:`old-string-formatting` section."

msgstr ""

msgid "Reading and Writing Files"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

":func:`open` returns a :term:`file object`, and is most commonly used with "

"two arguments: ``open(filename, mode)``."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"The first argument is a string containing the filename. The second argument "

"is another string containing a few characters describing the way in which "

"the file will be used. *mode* can be ``'r'`` when the file will only be "

"read, ``'w'`` for only writing (an existing file with the same name will be "

"erased), and ``'a'`` opens the file for appending; any data written to the "

"file is automatically added to the end. ``'r+'`` opens the file for both "

"reading and writing. The *mode* argument is optional; ``'r'`` will be "

"assumed if it's omitted."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"Normally, files are opened in :dfn:`text mode`, that means, you read and "

"write strings from and to the file, which are encoded in a specific "

"encoding. If encoding is not specified, the default is platform dependent "

"(see :func:`open`). ``'b'`` appended to the mode opens the file in :dfn:"

"`binary mode`: now the data is read and written in the form of bytes "

"objects. This mode should be used for all files that don't contain text."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"In text mode, the default when reading is to convert platform-specific line "

"endings (``\\n`` on Unix, ``\\r\\n`` on Windows) to just ``\\n``. When "

"writing in text mode, the default is to convert occurrences of ``\\n`` back "

"to platform-specific line endings. This behind-the-scenes modification to "

"file data is fine for text files, but will corrupt binary data like that in :"

"file:`JPEG` or :file:`EXE` files. Be very careful to use binary mode when "

"reading and writing such files."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"It is good practice to use the :keyword:`with` keyword when dealing with "

"file objects. The advantage is that the file is properly closed after its "

"suite finishes, even if an exception is raised at some point. Using :"

"keyword:`!with` is also much shorter than writing equivalent :keyword:"

"`try`\\ -\\ :keyword:`finally` blocks::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"If you're not using the :keyword:`with` keyword, then you should call ``f."

"close()`` to close the file and immediately free up any system resources "

"used by it."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"Calling ``f.write()`` without using the :keyword:`!with` keyword or calling "

"``f.close()`` **might** result in the arguments of ``f.write()`` not being "

"completely written to the disk, even if the program exits successfully."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"After a file object is closed, either by a :keyword:`with` statement or by "

"calling ``f.close()``, attempts to use the file object will automatically "

"fail. ::"

msgstr ""

msgid "Methods of File Objects"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"The rest of the examples in this section will assume that a file object "

"called ``f`` has already been created."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"To read a file's contents, call ``f.read(size)``, which reads some quantity "

"of data and returns it as a string (in text mode) or bytes object (in binary "

"mode). *size* is an optional numeric argument. When *size* is omitted or "

"negative, the entire contents of the file will be read and returned; it's "

"your problem if the file is twice as large as your machine's memory. "

"Otherwise, at most *size* characters (in text mode) or *size* bytes (in "

"binary mode) are read and returned. If the end of the file has been reached, "

"``f.read()`` will return an empty string (``''``). ::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"``f.readline()`` reads a single line from the file; a newline character "

"(``\\n``) is left at the end of the string, and is only omitted on the last "

"line of the file if the file doesn't end in a newline. This makes the "

"return value unambiguous; if ``f.readline()`` returns an empty string, the "

"end of the file has been reached, while a blank line is represented by "

"``'\\n'``, a string containing only a single newline. ::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"For reading lines from a file, you can loop over the file object. This is "

"memory efficient, fast, and leads to simple code::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"If you want to read all the lines of a file in a list you can also use "

"``list(f)`` or ``f.readlines()``."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"``f.write(string)`` writes the contents of *string* to the file, returning "

"the number of characters written. ::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"Other types of objects need to be converted -- either to a string (in text "

"mode) or a bytes object (in binary mode) -- before writing them::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"``f.tell()`` returns an integer giving the file object's current position in "

"the file represented as number of bytes from the beginning of the file when "

"in binary mode and an opaque number when in text mode."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"To change the file object's position, use ``f.seek(offset, whence)``. The "

"position is computed from adding *offset* to a reference point; the "

"reference point is selected by the *whence* argument. A *whence* value of 0 "

"measures from the beginning of the file, 1 uses the current file position, "

"and 2 uses the end of the file as the reference point. *whence* can be "

"omitted and defaults to 0, using the beginning of the file as the reference "

"point. ::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"In text files (those opened without a ``b`` in the mode string), only seeks "

"relative to the beginning of the file are allowed (the exception being "

"seeking to the very file end with ``seek(0, 2)``) and the only valid "

"*offset* values are those returned from the ``f.tell()``, or zero. Any other "

"*offset* value produces undefined behaviour."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"File objects have some additional methods, such as :meth:`~file.isatty` and :"

"meth:`~file.truncate` which are less frequently used; consult the Library "

"Reference for a complete guide to file objects."

msgstr ""

msgid "Saving structured data with :mod:`json`"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"Strings can easily be written to and read from a file. Numbers take a bit "

"more effort, since the :meth:`read` method only returns strings, which will "

"have to be passed to a function like :func:`int`, which takes a string like "

"``'123'`` and returns its numeric value 123. When you want to save more "

"complex data types like nested lists and dictionaries, parsing and "

"serializing by hand becomes complicated."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"Rather than having users constantly writing and debugging code to save "

"complicated data types to files, Python allows you to use the popular data "

"interchange format called `JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) <http://json."

"org>`_. The standard module called :mod:`json` can take Python data "

"hierarchies, and convert them to string representations; this process is "

"called :dfn:`serializing`. Reconstructing the data from the string "

"representation is called :dfn:`deserializing`. Between serializing and "

"deserializing, the string representing the object may have been stored in a "

"file or data, or sent over a network connection to some distant machine."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"The JSON format is commonly used by modern applications to allow for data "

"exchange. Many programmers are already familiar with it, which makes it a "

"good choice for interoperability."

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"If you have an object ``x``, you can view its JSON string representation "

"with a simple line of code::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"Another variant of the :func:`~json.dumps` function, called :func:`~json."

"dump`, simply serializes the object to a :term:`text file`. So if ``f`` is "

"a :term:`text file` object opened for writing, we can do this::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"To decode the object again, if ``f`` is a :term:`text file` object which has "

"been opened for reading::"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"This simple serialization technique can handle lists and dictionaries, but "

"serializing arbitrary class instances in JSON requires a bit of extra "

"effort. The reference for the :mod:`json` module contains an explanation of "

"this."

msgstr ""

msgid ":mod:`pickle` - the pickle module"

msgstr ""

msgid ""

"Contrary to :ref:`JSON <tut-json>`, *pickle* is a protocol which allows the "

"serialization of arbitrarily complex Python objects. As such, it is "

"specific to Python and cannot be used to communicate with applications "

"written in other languages. It is also insecure by default: deserializing "

"pickle data coming from an untrusted source can execute arbitrary code, if "

"the data was crafted by a skilled attacker."

msgstr ""

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